親愛的平壤家族的國度

1019週六影劇天，一戲呵成：legal high 2.2／law and order SVU 15.1／回鄉／elementary 2.4／two and a half men 11.4／爸爸去哪兒／the big bang theory 7.5／家族的國度／六十分鐘時事雜誌／星期六主場／窮富翁大作戰三／最美和聲／親愛的平壤／超級工程／非誠勿擾／相棒12.1。早午晚三餐：煎茶奶綠＋煙肉丹麥＋即期手製輕乳酪蛋糕／艇仔粥＋鴛鴦腸＋油條＋紅豆綠豆雪條／花肉大腸印尼撈麵＋橙。

《家族的國度》（台譯《應許之國，雙重人生》）是去年日本《電影旬報》年度十佳電影第一名，導演梁英姬是在日本出生的「朝鮮人」，看她的照片以為才二三十歲，原來比我大一些。「《家》是梁英姬執導的第一部電影，在日朝鮮人出身的她，出生於1964年，父母是金日成政權擁護者，父親更曾是『在日北韓人總聯合會』的 領導人物。該會在1959年到1984年間力推『歸國』運動，鼓勵在日朝鮮人返回北韓這個『社會主義的人間天堂』，前後約9萬名北韓人投入祖國懷抱。1971年秋至1972年春，梁英姬三個哥哥陸續被『盡職盡責』的父親送回北韓，留下6歲的小女兒梁英姬在日本和父母相伴。」

「梁英姬的父親當時相信兩韓很快就會統一，因祖國北韓不但供給僑民大量經費在日本辦學校、更應許僑民返鄉後美好的教育與工作遠景，讓在日本受排擠屈辱的父親認為兒子只有回北韓才有希望，沒想到兩地差距愈來愈大，三個兒子也一去不能回。」

「1999年梁英姬最小的哥哥因病獲當局特許赴日治療，可是兩週後就被緊急召回。1996年起，梁英姬往來東京與平壤間以影像記錄父母、哥哥與姪女家族三代的故事，先後推出《親愛的平壤》（2006年）與《再見平壤》（2011年）兩部紀錄片，但也因此遭北韓禁止她入境。《家》雖以戲劇形式呈現，但梁英姬坦承，片中安藤櫻飾演的妹妹角色就是她的化身，紀錄片因政治禁忌無法表明的改以電影戳破，某些紀錄片中真實的對話更直接移轉到電影。」

「《家》幾乎照著梁英姬一家的變動走，井浦新飾演的哥哥16歲被父親送去北韓，25年後因腦瘤終於獲准到東京接受治療，得與闊別多年的父母、妹妹團聚，只是還有一位和他同行、負責監視的男子始終守在門外，注意他的一舉一動。東京家的客廳高掛著金日成、金正日的照片；為歡迎兒子返『家』，開咖啡店的媽媽煮了一桌菜，更沒忘記兒子最愛美乃滋、蕃茄醬與漢堡......」

可惜，原來打算留日三個月治病的哥哥沒過幾天便給急召回北韓，原因不明。「連個理由都沒有，真是莫名其妙哦。」妹妹與哥哥的對話：「為何會做出這麽沒有道理的決定？」「在那裡從來都是這樣，我們已經習慣了。」 「這一點道理也沒有啊。」 「這是命令，命令就是法律，不要去問理由，你執行就是了。」

網上找了好一會才找到《親愛的平壤》，視頻沒字幕，要在另一處下載字幕再載入。「第二次世界大戰結束不久，韓戰在朝鮮半島爆發。多災多難的朝鮮民族經歷了無數苦難，最終卻被分裂成兩個截然不同的國家。兩種體制的對立和敵視不僅在半島引起波瀾，連同遠在異國他鄉的朝鮮人也受到深刻的影響。因歷史原因駐留日本的朝鮮人內部也分裂成支持共產主義的『朝鮮總聯』和支持資本主義的『民團』，他們為了各自的理想和目標篤定奮鬥著。堅信共產主義的梁公善和康靜姬夫婦在1970年代將三個兒子送回平壤……」

紀錄片的主角是梁英姬的爸爸，他其實在濟洲島出生，卻未因故鄉關係認同南韓，反而因意識型態把北韓視同祖國與「夢土」。「電影中最可玩味的，倒是梁父這個人物。他一生絕大多數時間是在日本度過的，且他出生於韓國的濟州島而非朝鮮，不過他卻是個堅定的朝鮮支持者，一生都在為朝鮮勞動黨工作，持續了六十年。是什麼在支撐著他的信念，特別是他久居日本，已經遠離組織？他在自由的世界中，可以了解到一切，特別是那些他的祖國所竭力掩蓋的真相，他也了解他的祖國所編造的那些如花的謊言，面對著這樣的政權，他怎能保持著忠誠？......兒子們在平壤的情形，他應該了解得非常清楚，最後一次去平壤，他也親眼見到了一切。然而，他至死仍希望將自己埋葬於平壤而非自己的故鄉。」

去年梁英姬參加上海國際電影節，做了以下的一個訪問，她是明白父親的選擇的，但她自己選擇了別的：

How would you describe yourself as a film-maker?

I've never imagined I'd be a filmmaker, but after I made a documentary, people started to call me a director and I was like, OK. I was born and raised in Japan, second generation Korean; both my parents came from Jeju Island in South Korea. Even though my parents were born in South Korea, they chose North Korea as their Fatherland due to their ideology and hard experience.

After Korea became independent, they were living in Japan because during the war, they moved to Japan from South Korea. In Japan, the status for Korean people was really worse than trash: no human rights, strong discrimination. My father decided to become a human-right activist. At the time, South Korea was very politically insecure: the military government. Also, there was a severe massacre happened in Jeju Island, South Korea in 1948, and my parents lost a lot of friends and relatives: they were killed. Then my parents were like, no more South Korean government. They totally stopped believing the South and they chose the North. Though they really knew nothing about North Korea, they had great expectations.

At the time, socialism was kind of a hope for many people all over the world, maybe. Also, Kim Il-sung made a beautiful speech for Koreans in Japan. For Koreans, the South Korean government totally ignored them while North Korea kind of, played a beautiful role (as shown in Kim Il-sung's speech): if you choose North Korea as your Fatherland, we are going to give you houses, medical care, education and jobs. So why don't you come to North Korea? It's your Fatherland. And then my father totally fell in love with his speech. My father's ideology was not logical, very emotional, like mafia, Yakuza people, you know, the feelings, that he couldn't betray oyabun, the boss. But by and by, they came to know the reality of North Korea but they just couldn't deny everything in their lives and that's why they still try to believe in that country and they need to pretend to believe in the country because they have hostages: children, and grandchildren now.

But during the 60s, my father was a real activist working in a North Korean Association in Japan and he sent his sons, that is, my brothers, to North Korea, what I would say, a big mistake but at that time, more than 90,000 Koreans living in Japan moved to NK, with big hope and dreams. It was a very political co-project by North Korea, the Japanese Red Cross and both governments. North Korea really wanted not only people, but also money and connections; Japan wanted to kick out Korean people, for any reasons, as much as they could.

You mentioned you spent six month preparing and finished shooting the film within only two weeks. That's amazing.

Yeah (laugh). I don't know how we did it in two weeks but it was really a nightmare. Too hot, in Tokyo. And also, we really had no time. So there were moments that I really wanted to take one more, and I really had to give up so many things. The monitor was this kind of small monitor (handsign: no big than an average adult's palm) and I really couldn't see (clearly). I hope I could have a better budget, and some more time. But when I was much younger than now, at my twenties and early thirties, I was either a poor theatre play company member, or poor video journalist or something and then I became a documentary film-maker.

(But you made for New School, in New York!) Yeah, yeah, yeah, I was a bartender. I worked as a bartender, and also I had many many part-time jobs. When I was in Japan, it was a hard time even to get a job as a waitress with my identity or with my Korean name especially. But now I became Japanese representative for Oscar, my mom is so happy! It is really a miracle. My friends are happy with that, too. It's interesting. When my brothers were in Japan, it was really the worst time for Korean people living in Japan but now many things have changed.

Also during the film-making, maybe you and your father reconciled with each other?

Yeah. During the documentary making, I think, without a video camera, I couldn't rebuild the relationship between my father and I. When he passed away three years ago, he was really happy to hear that my documentaries started to go to many film festivals. With documentaries, too, I went to many film festivals. He really wanted me to have South Korean passport. He said that in the documentary and that's why the association didn't like it. (Laugh) He was really honest, more mentally honest in my documentary and that was thankful. My mom said being honest was his last gift for me, for my film-making.